![]() Along with Gerard Mercator and Gemma Frisius, he was a founder of the Netherlandish school of cartography. He was the creator of the first modern atlas, Theatrum Orbis Terrarum and is a seminal figure in the history of cartography. We see perhaps ten examples of this separate map in institutional collections, although poor transcription in the recording of this map (Jovis? Iovis? Louis?) makes an accurate count difficult.Ībraham Ortelius (ApJune 28, 1598) also known as Ortels, was a cartographer, geographer, and cosmographer of Brabant, active in Antwerp. ![]() This specific example corresponds typographically to the 1595 Latin edition of the work. Publication History and CensusThis map was engraved for inclusion in the 1584 edition of Orbis Theatrum Terrarum. Lists, of cities and locations whose names were known but whose locations were not, are included on each map. Important locations, such as the Labyrinth of the Minotaur, are marked. Mountains are indicated pictorially, with again those of Crete shown most evocatively. The four maps are beautifully and distinctively engraved, some with stippled water and others (notably the Crete map) with vigorous waves. Although Ortelius is better known as a compiler of other geographers' maps, he was a scholar of Antiquity in his own right and many of the maps of Parergon were his own unique compositions, albeit drawing on classical textual sources such as Pliny, Strabo, Seneca, and Livy. Ortelius: Scholar of AntiquityIt is among the maps Ortelius prepared for the volume of his atlas dedicated to ancient and Biblical geography, the Parergon. The engraving is comprised of four separate maps of Corsica, Sardinia, Crete, and the Ionian Islands. This is Abraham Ortelius' 1595 map of Crete and other Mediterranean islands as they were understood in antiquity and Greek mythology. ![]() Minnesota - North Dakota - South Dakota.Massachusetts - Connecticut - Rhode Island.This and the final fifth state, do not appear to bear text on the back, and were most likely issued separately by de Jode. The present map is the fourth state of five, with place names added to the oceans and “Terra Incognita” added to North America. Although sales of de Jode’s work were less than ideal, the work was evidently held in high regard, with several contemporary works citing its importance alongside the atlases of Mercator and Ortelius. Ortelius’ cunning plan would seem to have worked, as Plantin’s records suggest that very few copies were actually sold. De Jode did not gain all the necessary approbations until 1577, some seven years after the publication of the ‘Theatrum’, the first copies of the ‘Speculum’ being sold at Plantin’s shop in 1579. It has been suggested that Ortelius was responsible for delaying the publication of de Jode’s work, by using his extensive contacts to prevent de Jode’s atlas being granted the necessary approbations (or privileges), as Ortelius wished to protect his own work. The two, who made their living partly as map-sellers, were competitors and apparently not always on good terms. The ‘Speculum Orbis Terrarum’ was intended as competition for Abraham Ortelius’ ‘Theatrum Orbis Terrarum’. ![]() Gerard de Jode (1509–1591) was a cartographer and publisher. It also demonstrated the insignificance of humanity’s pursuit of earthly ambitions compared to the world (Brotton). Lutheran theologians saw the heart as the seat of human emotion, and thus central to understanding scripture. The world as heart was a Renaissance emblem embodying the effect of inner emotions on the physical world, but in the early sixteenth century it developed into a distinctly reformist symbol. De Jode was a Calvinist in Antwerp, at a time when the city and the Low Countries were caught in a violent struggle between the Spanish Catholic monarchy and the Protestant uprisings of the Reformation (Veldman). ![]() The projection had symbolic as well as practical uses. This example was prepared for his atlas, ‘Speculum Orbis Terrae’, in 1578.ĭe Jode’s map is drawn on a cordiform (or heart-shaped) projection, which was developed at the beginning of the sixteenth century as a reaction to the European discovery of the Americas, and the need for a more effective method of showing the surface of the newly enlarged world on a flat surface. De Jode’s world map was first published separately as ‘Nova Totius Terrarum Orbis Descriptio’ in 1571. ![]()
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